Can Endometriosis Affect Your Skin? Doctor Explains Rare Cases of Cutaneous Endometriosis

Endometriosis is usually known as a condition that affects the uterus or nearby organs in the pelvis. It causes pain, heavy periods, and sometimes fertility issues. However, in rare cases, endometriosis can appear in places far from the pelvic region, including on the skin. This unusual form is called cutaneous endometriosis, and it can confuse both patients and doctors.

Dr Kunal Sood, an anaesthesiologist and specialist in pain medicine, explains that cutaneous endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus, called endometrial tissue, starts growing in the skin or just under it. “Although it is rare, endometrial cells can sometimes develop on the skin of the abdomen, legs, or other areas far from the pelvis,” he says.

One common reason this happens is after surgery. Procedures like a C-section or hysterectomy may accidentally move endometrial cells to the incision site while the body heals. However, Dr Sood notes that in some cases, cutaneous endometriosis can develop spontaneously, even in people who have never had surgery.

Symptoms to watch for
Cutaneous endometriosis usually appears as a small lump or nodule on the skin, which may be painful. The pain can worsen during menstrual periods. Sometimes, there may be redness, swelling, or mild bleeding at the site. Because these signs are unusual, patients often mistake them for cysts, infections, or other skin problems.

Diagnosis and treatment
Doctors usually diagnose cutaneous endometriosis through physical exams and imaging tests like ultrasounds. In some cases, a small biopsy of the tissue is needed to confirm the condition. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the growth. Medications may also be used to manage pain or hormonal symptoms.

Dr Sood emphasizes the importance of awareness. “People should know that endometriosis is not limited to the pelvis. Any unusual painful skin growth, especially if it changes with menstrual cycles, should be checked by a doctor,” he advises.

In conclusion, while endometriosis usually affects reproductive organs, it can occasionally develop on the skin. Awareness of this rare condition can help patients seek timely care, reduce pain, and prevent complications.