India Faces Rising Chronic Kidney Disease Cases in 2023

India has emerged as the country with the second-highest number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases, with an estimated 138 million people affected in 2023, according to a recent study published in The Lancet. China tops the list with 152 million cases. Globally, CKD has now become a leading cause of mortality, ranking ninth, claiming nearly 1.5 million lives last year.

Widening Global Health Crisis

The research highlights that CKD is a growing concern across continents. North Africa and the Middle East reported the highest prevalence at 18%, followed by South Asia (16%), while Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America each crossed 15%. Health experts warn that regions with existing healthcare inequities face an even greater disease burden.

The Deadly Link Between CKD and Heart Disease

CKD is not just a kidney problem; it contributes significantly to cardiovascular deaths. In 2023, nearly 12% of global heart-related fatalities were linked to kidney disease. Among leading causes of heart mortality, CKD now ranks seventh, surpassing well-known conditions such as diabetes and obesity.

Key Risk Factors Driving the Surge

The study identified fourteen major risk factors, with diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity being the most critical contributors to health loss. Dietary patterns also play a key role, with low fruit and vegetable intake and high sodium consumption significantly increasing the risk.

Most newly diagnosed cases were in early stages, emphasizing the importance of regular screening and preventive care. Early intervention can slow disease progression, reduce heart complications, and postpone the need for dialysis or transplantation—resources often scarce in many regions.

Prevention and Early Management Are Crucial

With CKD cases rising sharply, the focus on prevention, early diagnosis, and accessible treatment has never been more urgent. Lifestyle changes, balanced diets, and better healthcare access could curb the growing burden on patients and families worldwide.