Why Hindu Temples Are the Main Reason for the Thailand-Cambodia Dispute

Temples of Tension: How Ancient Hindu Shrines Sparked the Thailand-Cambodia Border Dispute

At the border between Thailand and Cambodia, there are old and beautiful Hindu temples. These temples are not just places of worship—they are part of the region’s deep history and culture. But today, instead of bringing people together, they have become the reason for a serious conflict between the two countries. One temple in particular, called Preah Vihear, has caused arguments and even military clashes. This article explains why these temples are important and how they have led to tensions over the years.

The History Behind the Temples

The temples were built many centuries ago during the Khmer Empire, which ruled much of Southeast Asia from the 9th to the 15th century. One of the most famous temples is Preah Vihear, built in the 11th century for the Hindu god Shiva. It sits on top of a mountain and has been a religious site for a long time.

These Hindu temples are more than just old buildings. They are a shared part of Cambodian and Thai history. But because they are located close to the border, both countries claim them as their own.

Why the Conflict Started

The problem began because the border between Thailand and Cambodia was never clearly marked. In 1904, during the colonial era, France (which controlled Cambodia at the time) and Thailand signed a treaty to draw the border. But the area around Preah Vihear was not clearly defined.

In 1962, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) said that the temple belongs to Cambodia. Cambodia was happy with the decision, but Thailand was not. The court did not say who owned the land around the temple, so both countries continued to argue about it.

Fights and the Impact on People

Between 2008 and 2011, the dispute led to armed clashes. Soldiers from both countries fought near the temple. Some people were killed, and many villagers had to leave their homes. Even parts of the temple were damaged.

Although the court said the temple belongs to Cambodia, the nearby 4.6 square kilometers of land is still disputed. Both countries keep soldiers in the area, making it a dangerous place.

Peace Talks and Ongoing Issues

Leaders from Thailand and Cambodia have met several times to try to solve the problem. Groups like ASEAN (an organization of Southeast Asian countries) have also tried to help. But the issue is still not fully solved.

In 2013, the ICJ made another statement, saying that not only the temple but also the land around it belongs to Cambodia. Thailand accepted the ruling, but the two countries still disagree on how to make it work.

National Pride and Identity

For Cambodia, Preah Vihear is more than a temple—it is a symbol of their national pride and culture. It appears on their money and in school lessons. For many Thai people, the temple is also important because it was built during a time when the Khmer Empire included parts of what is now Thailand.

This makes the dispute not just about land, but also about history, identity, and pride. Both countries want to be recognized for their connection to the temple and their shared heritage.

Help from International Groups

Groups like UNESCO and the United Nations have worked to protect the temple and promote peace. In 2008, UNESCO listed Preah Vihear as a World Heritage Site under Cambodia’s name. This upset many Thai people and led to more protests and fights.

Still, these international groups are pushing for peaceful talks and cooperation so that these historic sites are not damaged by violence.

A Peaceful Solution Is Possible

The best way forward is for Thailand and Cambodia to work together. Instead of fighting, they can share the temples as symbols of common history. They can partner on tourism, temple preservation, and educational programs to help both sides understand each other better.

This dispute also shows how important it is to clearly mark borders and fix old colonial agreements. With help from international communities and honest talks, both countries can protect these temples and avoid future conflict.

Disclaimer:

The information in this article is intended for general understanding and educational purposes only. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, the details surrounding international disputes can evolve over time. Readers are encouraged to consult official government sources or verified news outlets for the most current updates. This article does not represent any political stance. Published by DXB news network.