Air Pollution Poses Various Health Risks, Research Finds

A study by the European Environment Agency highlights the pervasive threat of air pollution to global populations, particularly in urban areas. Both short- and long-term exposure are associated with various diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) underscores links between air pollution and conditions such as stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major concern, affecting 97% of urban dwellers above WHO guidelines in 2021.

Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable due to ongoing development, lacking the capacity to influence air quality policies or protect themselves. In 2020, about 238,000 premature deaths in the EU were attributed to PM2.5, reflecting a 45% decrease from 2005.

Energy consumption, particularly in residential, commercial, and institutional sectors, was the primary source of particulate matter in 2020. Emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 fell by 30% and 32%, respectively, between 2005 and 2020.

Responding to the crisis, the WHO and the European Union (EU) have introduced new air quality guidelines and standards. The EU's zero pollution action plan aims to reduce premature deaths by over 55% by 2030 compared to 2005 and minimize the impact on biodiversity. Stricter air quality standards are deemed essential for achieving the objectives outlined in Europe's Beating Cancer Plan.

Encouragingly, the trend from 2005 to 2020 indicates a 33% reduction in premature deaths attributed to PM2.5 exposure in the EU-27. If this trajectory continues, the zero pollution target could be achieved by 2032, marking a significant milestone in combating the adverse effects of air pollution.