Fattah-2, Ghadr, Emad: Which missiles did Iran use to breach Israel's defense systems?

Photo: Reuters

On Tuesday evening, Iran launched at least 180 missiles at Israel as part of its large-scale offensive, dubbed ‘Operation True Promise II,’ significantly heightening tensions in the Middle East. While Israeli authorities confirmed there were no casualties, they acknowledged that despite the majority of the missiles being intercepted by Israel's advanced defense systems, some managed to penetrate. Israeli officials vowed retaliation, stating that Iran would face consequences for the attack. This marked Iran’s second direct strike on Israel in 2024, following a previous offensive in April. The October 1 assault involved a substantial missile barrage aimed at key Israeli military installations, including the Mossad headquarters in Tel Aviv and the Nevatim airbase near Beersheba.

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The missile strike followed Israel's announcement that its ground forces had crossed into Lebanon in what the military described as a limited operation to dismantle Hezbollah fighters and their infrastructure. In response, Iran retaliated with an unprecedented offensive, escalating the already volatile situation.

Iranian state media reported that several types of ballistic missiles were deployed in the attack on Israel, with the Emad, Ghadr, and Iran’s newly-developed Fattah missile prominently featured. Reuters confirmed that these missiles were used to strike key Israeli defense systems, including the Iron Dome and Arrow missile defense networks.

Missiles Used by Iran to Overwhelm Israel's Defense Systems

Among the missiles fired, the Emad and Ghadr are classified as medium-range ballistic missiles, but the crown jewel of Iran’s arsenal is the Fattah-2 missile, also known as the “Conqueror” in Farsi. Iranian officials boasted that the Fattah missile is capable of traveling at speeds of up to 15 times the speed of sound, with an impressive range of up to 1,400 kilometers (870 miles). This missile strike marked the first instance of the Revolutionary Guard deploying the Fattah missile against another country in direct retaliation.

While the Ghadr and Emad missiles were launched primarily to challenge and overwhelm Israel's Iron Dome system, the Fattah-2 missile was specifically aimed at Israel’s Arrow defense system, which is designed to intercept long-range ballistic missiles. The Emad, an advanced version of the Ghadr, is equipped with a maneuverable warhead that allows for in-flight adjustments, significantly enhancing its accuracy compared to its predecessor. This maneuverability makes it more challenging for defense systems like the Iron Dome to intercept.

Capabilities of the Fattah Missile Series

The Fattah missile series, including the Fattah-2, is distinguished by its cutting-edge design, featuring a gliding warhead with the ability to change its trajectory mid-flight. This capability makes it far more difficult for interception systems to track and destroy the missile. Additionally, the Fattah missile can accelerate outside of Earth’s atmosphere and utilizes a movable nozzle for enhanced direction control, further improving its precision. Iranian officials have hailed this missile as one of the most advanced in their arsenal, making it a key component of the barrage that Iran unleashed on Israel.

This combination of advanced ballistic missile technology allowed Iran to pose a serious threat to Israel’s sophisticated missile defense systems during the attack. The effectiveness of these missiles, particularly the Fattah-2, has raised concerns among military analysts about the evolving capabilities of Iran’s missile program, and the potential for further escalation in the region as both sides prepare for the next phase of the conflict.

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