10 Years After Ebola Outbreak: Origin Transmission Impact

Post by : Elena Malik

The Ebola virus, a highly contagious and deadly disease, has been responsible for more than 15,000 deaths since its discovery in central Africa in 1976. A significant portion of these fatalities, over three quarters, occurred during a devastating outbreak in West Africa that commenced a decade ago, originating in Guinea and subsequently spreading to Liberia and Sierra Leone.

As the world marks a somber milestone on Friday, commemorating 10 years since the first Ebola cases were reported in Sierra Leone on May 24, 2014, it is pertinent to reflect on the origins, transmission dynamics, and impact of this lethal pathogen.

Originating in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ebola is classified as a viral hemorrhagic fever, with six known species capable of causing disease in humans. Among these, the Zaire strain has been responsible for the majority of cases and outbreaks over the past decade.

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The virus is believed to be harbored by certain species of fruit bats, which act as natural reservoirs and can transmit the virus to primates, including humans. Human transmission occurs primarily through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, with individuals becoming contagious only after the onset of symptoms.

Ebola manifests with a range of symptoms, including fever, weakness, muscle pain, headaches, and sore throat, progressing to vomiting, diarrhea, organ failure, and in severe cases, internal and external bleeding. The disease carries a high mortality rate, averaging around 50%, and reaching up to 90% in some epidemics.

In response to the threat posed by Ebola, significant strides have been made in vaccine development and treatment options. Two vaccines, Ervebo and Zabdeno, have been approved for use against the Zaire strain, demonstrating efficacy in reducing mortality rates. Additionally, life-saving medicines such as Inmazeb and Ebanga have been recommended for the treatment of Ebola infections.

Despite advancements in prevention and treatment, Ebola continues to pose a formidable challenge, with devastating outbreaks recorded in various regions. The deadliest outbreak to date occurred between 2013 and 2016 in West Africa, claiming over 11,000 lives. Subsequent outbreaks, including the recent epidemic in Uganda, serve as stark reminders of the persistent threat posed by this lethal pathogen.

As the world grapples with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, efforts to combat Ebola must remain a priority, with continued investment in research, surveillance, and preparedness measures essential to mitigating future outbreaks and safeguarding global health security.

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